Physicians like to continue INH even when bacilli are apparently resistant to However,īacilli that lose catalase activity also appear to become less virulent many Gene so that the bacilli do not generate the active metabolite of INH. Most common mechanism of INH resistance is by mutation of the catalase-peroxidase Months (sometimes even earlier) an apparently resistant infection emerges. If INH is given alone, such bacilli proliferate selectively and after 2–3 Tubercle bacilli is inherently resistant to clinically attained INH concentrations. The sensitive mycobacteria concentrate INHĪnd convert it by a catalase-peroxidase enzyme into an active metabolite that interacts A gene labelled inh A which encodes for a fatty acid synthaseĮnzyme is the target of INH action. The lipidĬontent of mycobacteria exposed to INH is reduced. Mycobacteria (it is not active against any other microorganism). This may explain the high selectivity of INH for Mechanism of action of INH is inhibition of synthesis of mycolic acids which are unique fatty acid component of It is one of the cheapest antitubercular drugs. Present within macrophages) is equally active in acidic and alkaline medium. It acts on extracellular as well as on intracellular TB (bacilli It is primarily tuberculocidal.įast multiplying organisms are rapidly killed, but quiescent ones are only Isoniazid is the antitubercular drug parexcellence, and anĮssential component of all antitubercular regimens, unless the patient is notĪble to tolerate it or bacilli are resistant. Isoniazid (Isonicotinic acid hydrazide, H) Second line: These drugs have either low antitubercular efficacy or high toxicity orīoth are used in special circumstances only. According to their clinical utility the antiTB drugsįirst line: These drugs have high antitubercular efficacy as well as low toxicity are used Newer macrolides and some rifampin congeners are the recent additions to theĪntimycobacterial drugs. Regimens has been demonstrated and clearcut treatment guidelines have been Since 1970 the efficacy of short course (6–9 months) and domiciliary
Its full therapeutic potential could be utilized only afterġ952 when isoniazid was produced to accompany Has been made in the last 60 years since the introduction of Streptomycin in 1947 for the treatment Globally every year, is threatening the whole future of current antitubercular Of ‘multidrug resistant’ (MDR) TB of which over 0.4 million cases are occurring Infection has been halted in the USA, no such trend is apparent in India. While lately, the increase in TB case rate associated with HIV India has a large load of HIV infected subjects,Īnd these patients are especially vulnerable to severe forms of tubercular/MAC In India, it isĮstimated that nearly 2 million people develop active disease every year andĪdded in the 1980s due to spread of HIV with high prevalence of tuberculosis Globally develop active TB and 1.7 million die of it annually.
In India, it is estimated that nearly 2 million people develop active disease every year and about 0.5 million die from it.Ĭhronic granulomatous disease and a major health problem in developing countries.Ībout 1/3rd of the world’s population is infected with Mycobact. As per WHO estimate, 9 million people globally develop active TB and 1.7 million die of it annually. About 1/3rd of the world’s population is infected with Mycobact.
Tuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous disease and a major health problem in developing countries. One can perfectly well eat dry cookies after their sell by date, the experience of eating such cookies may just not be as nice as that of eating a freshly baked one.Antitubercular Drugs| Home | | Pharmacology |Ĭhapter: Essential pharmacology : Antitubercular Drugs
My views does not necessarily reflect the view of the pharmacy industry or the view of any doctors. If ever in doubt, consult a doctor or at least a pharmacist. A year, two, or more may just mean that you get very little if any effect from it at all. Personally I wouldn't mind using antibiotics that is past its use by date, but be sensible.Ī few months shouldn't make a difference. I surely didn't know alcohol decompose when its kept airtight, but I could be wrong of course :-) (Wouldn't keep it in direct sunlight though) These days I have even seen bottles of pure alcohol with an expiry date on them. Cold slows down decomposing, hence prolonging useful "lifetime". Some medicine even decompose into slightly poisonous components after a while.įor antibiotics, the danger should be low, especially if it has been stored in a cold environment. Normally it just states that it is less effective after its expiry date. This does not mean that it does not work or does not have an effect after the date. As with most things, even medicine has got an expiry date.